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​5500 BC

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6500 BC

6000 BC

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7500 BC

7000 BC

8500 BC

8000 BC

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9500 BC

9000 BC

12500 BC

10000 BC

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sanctuarul de la parta - Copy.jpg
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Settlement of Parța(Romania (Timiș),

Vinča-Turdaș Culture, cca.5600 – 5200 BC

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Settlement of Tărtăria (Romania, Alba),

Vinča-Turdaș Culture, cca.5500 – 5300 BC

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Town of Solnitsata (Bulgaria),

Provadia Culture,

cca.5600 – 5500 BC

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Settlement of Vinča-Belo Brdo (Serbia, Danube),

Vinča Culture,

cca.5700 BC

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Settlement of Sesklo (Greece, Thessaly),

Sesklo Culture,

cca. 6500- 5500 BC

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Settlement of Vršnik (N. Macedonia),

Anzabegovo Culture,

cca.5800 - 5600 BC

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Town of Çatalhöyük 

(Anatolia, Turkey),

cca.7000 - 5700 BC

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Settlement of Karanovo

(Bulgaria),

Karanovo Culture, cca.5900 – 5800 BC

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Settlement of Hacılar

(southwestern Turkey),

cca.6000 BC

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Settlements of the Iron gates 

(Serbia & Romania),

Iron gates Culture,

cca. 9500 - 6300 BC

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Settlement of Khirokitia

(Cyprus), Aceramic Neolithic

cca.7000 - 6800 BC

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Settlement of Knossos

(Crete), Aceramic Neolithic

cca.7000 BC

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City of Jericho,

(Palestine), Pre-Pottery Neolithic

cca.8500 - 7500 BC

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Settlements of Mureybet

(Syria),

Natufian Culture,

cca. 10000 - 9200 BC

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Settlements of Nazlet Khater

(Egypt),

The First Industrial Miners,

cca. 33000 BC

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Settlements of Wadi Kubbaniya

(Egypt),

The First Nile Dwellers,

cca. 18000 BC

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Settlements of Mezhyrich

(Ukraine),

Mammoth Bone Houses,

cca.15000 BC

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Settlements of Tell Abu Hureyra

(Syria),

Culture of Natufian,

cca. 11300 – 11000 BC

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Settlement of Göbekli Tepe,

(Turkey), Culture of Natufian

cca.10000 - 9500 BC

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Settlements of Hallan Çemi

(Turkey),

cca. 10500 BC

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Settlements of Eynan (Ain Mallaha)

(Israel),

Natufian culture,

cca. 12000 BC

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Settlement of Netiv HaGdud

(Jordan), PPNA,

cca.8500 - 8200 BC

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Settlement of Zawi Chemi

(Iraq), Shanidar culture,

cca.9000 - 8500 BC

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Settlement of Nahal Oren

(Israel), Natufian culture,

cca.9000 - 8000 BC

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Settlement of Ganj Dareh

(Iran), Zagros culture,

cca.8000 -  7500 BC

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Settlements of ell Qaramel

(Syria),

cca. 9500 - 8500 BC

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Settlement of Franchthi

(Greece), Mesolithic Greece,

cca.8000 -  7500 BC

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Settlement of Çayönü Tepesi

(Turkey), Taurus Neolithic,

cca.8200 -  7200 BC

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Settlement of Ain Ghazal

(Jordan), PPNB culture,

cca.8000 -  7200 BC

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Settlement of Tell Halula

(Syria), Pre-Pottery Neolithic,

cca.8000 -  7500 BC

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Settlement of Aşıklı Höyük

(Turkey), Central Anatolian,

cca.8200 -  7400 BC

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Settlement of Jarmo

(Iraq), Zagros Neolithic,

cca.7000 BC

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Settlement of Argissa Magoula (Greece, Thessaly),

Pre-Ceramic Neolithic,

cca. 6800- 6500 BC

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15000 BC

17500 BC

20000 BC

22500 BC

25000 BC

27500 BC

30000 BC

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Settlements of Pavlov VI

(Czech Rep.),

the regional first known Weavers,

cca. 30500 BC

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Settlements of Kostyonki

(Russia),

the regional first known "Cold-Storage",

cca. 28000 BC

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Settlements of Sunghir

(Russia),

the regional first known "Aristocracy",

cca. 28500 BC

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Settlements of Grubgraben

(Austria),

the regional first known "Aristocracy",

cca. 27500  BC

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Settlements of Dolní Věstonice

(Czech Rep.),

the regional first known Kiln,

cca. 31000  BC

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Settlements of Krems-Wachtberg (Austria),

earliest known evidence in the region of a burial specifically integrated into a living floor,

cca. 27000 BC

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Settlements of Willendorf II

(Austria),

earliest regional evidence of high-distance stone transport,

cca. 30000 BC

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Settlements of Mezin (Ukraine),

earliest known evidence in the region of a musical percussion instruments

cca. 22000 BC

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Settlements of Zaraisk (Russia),

known for its sophisticated "basement" storage technology

cca. 22000 - 20000 BC

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Settlements of Abri Pataud (France),

large-scale thermal engineering (using stones as heat-storage batteries)

cca. 22000 BC

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Settlements of Ohalo II 

(Israel),

Earliest global evidence of wild grain processing in an open-air hut

cca. 19400 BC

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Settlements of Gönnersdorf (Germany),

The Slate Library

cca. 15500  BC

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Settlements of

Cuina Turcului ( Romania),

earliest known evidence in the Balkans of a "Riverine Industry,"

cca.12500 BC

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Architects of Earth: the down of civilization:
(going back in time from)~5500 B.C. - 33000 B.C.
Pendants found at Mitoc-Malu Galben (1-2), in the Brînzeni cave (3) and the open-air settl
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Settlements of Mitoc-Malu Galben (Romania),

Earliest regional evidence of 10,000 years of continuous open-air flint production,

cca. 27500 BC

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Settlements of Poiana Cireşului (Romania),

Earliest regional evidence of color-dying of jewelry and trade & fossil collecting

cca. 15000 BC

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Settlements of Cosăuți (Moldavia),

Earliest known regional example of stylized bone sculpture on the Dniester

cca. 17000 BC

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Settlement of Miercurea Sibiului (Romania),

Starčevo-Criș Culture,

cca. 6000 - 5700 BC

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Settlements of

Ostrovul Banului ( Romania),

Eunbroken physical record of evolution from from hunting to farming

cca.7500 BC

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Settlements of

Gura Baciului (I)  ( Romania),

Earliest known regional first painted ceramics 

cca.6200 BC

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Settlements of Ceahlău-Dârțu(Romania),

Earliest known regional organized hunter-gatherer settlement with complex fire hearths and lithic workshopsr

cca. 27000 BC

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Here, at the edge of the abyss, the echoes of the first footsteps fade into the frozen dust of the Mammoth Steppe. From the ivory hearths of the open plains to the iron thrones of the empires, we have walked the path of the giants who built our world. We are the inheritors of their fire, their salt, and their stone.

The journey ends at the true beginning—where the earliest known open-air settlements were engineered, and humanity began to leave the nomadic life of the dark caves to build a world under the stars.

The Denekamp Interstadial (c. 33,000 – 28,000 BC): A relatively mild and humid phase within the Last Glacial period.

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (c. 26,000 – 19,000 BC): Global sea levels were approximately 120 meters lower than today because so much water was frozen in glaciers

The Late Glacial Interstadial (Bølling-Allerød) (c. 12,700 – 10,900 BC): Glaciers began to melt rapidly, forests started to replace the steppes

The Younger Dryas (c. 10,900 – 9,700 BC): A "Big Freeze" where temperatures in the North plummeted back to Ice Age levels in just a few decades

The Laschamp Event (c. 39,000 – 31,000 BC): The Earth’s magnetic field weakened to near zero, and the poles briefly reversed 

Heinrich Event 2 (c. 24,000 BC): A massive collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet sent an "armada" of icebergs into the Atlantic

The Laacher See Eruption (c. 12,900 BC)

The Great Thaw (c. 15,000 BC)

The Start of the Holocene (c. 9,700 BC)

30,000 BC — Development of the Bone Needle that allowed the sewing of fur clothing 

28,000 BC — Development of the Ceramic Kiln 

26,000 BC — Development of the Spear-Thrower

23,000 BC — the domestication of the Wolf Dog

18,000 BC — Development of the Bone Whistle

13,000 BC — Development of the Harpoon

11,000 BC — Development of the Bow and Arrow

10,500 BC — Development of the Stone Mortar

9,500 BC — Development of Dry-Stone Masonry

8,500 - 8000 BC — Development of Cereal Domestication & Animal Husbandry

7,500 BC — Development of the Granary that allowed for long-term food storage and the self-domestication of the cat.

5,500 BC — Development of High-Heat Smelting that allowed for the first mastery of native copper and the end of the Stone Age

6,500 – 6,200 BC — Dev. of Loomed Textiles and Clay Housing that allowed the shift from animal skins to fabrics and the rise of insulated homes 

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